Master of Health Management Systems Program

My experience in social insurance caused me to pick instruction that would help me in my drawn out profession plan of the development of my family claimed recovery place. I have a BS degree in Respiratory Care from Shenandoah University, in VA and my educational plan here has established the essential framework for my vocation in the social insurance setting. I am not utilized at present yet I am as of now an alumni understudy at NYU studying Occupational Therapy. So far in my one year involvement with NYU as an alumni understudy, I have understood that this course would assist me with turning into an advisor however I would not have the option to oversee social insurance foundations .I can sparkle better as a pioneer and a group head as opposed to a specialist. I have sorting out capacities and great intuitive abilities that would locate a superior outlet in a manager’s position†¦ The more noteworthy level of the populace in Saudi Arabia is younger than thirty and this offers exceptionally incredible vocation possibilities. I wish to make an imprint in my own restoration place in my nation of origin. As I as of now have a family claimed focus I just need to refine certain frameworks and acquire inventive methods. I would be a pioneer who is committed to make changes and add to our human services framework in Saudi Arabia The medicinal services industry in Saudi Arabia is developing quickly and would give astounding and moving chances to suppliers My transient objective is to work in the service of wellbeing in Saudi Arabia and climb the stepping stool to guarantee better medicinal services conveyance. My drawn out objective is to work for the world wellbeing association in the Middle East part. My family has a restoration place in Saudi Arabia .Ultimately I would be in a situation to deal with this moreover. I would make it an alternate one which can offer the most ideal consideration .I have dreams of extension and opening branches. I have to overview the expected possibilities in the spots where I might want to fan out and run productive associations. I wish to get some inventive methods, supplies and offer this to the patients in a financially savvy way. As a proficient chief and a human services supplier I should be in a situation to show quality results, monetary duty, and productive and powerful practices. To do this, I would need to gather and examine information, consolidate imaginative administration methods, and use new advances to give the best social insurance. This is a field that is continually developing. What's more, except if I have a top notch instruction and the correct going with preparing, I would not have the option to be an innovator in this field. The wellbeing proficient is prepared to procure a special mix of aptitudes in wellbeing sciences, the board and frameworks. As an alum from this school, I would be set up to get slants and give arrangements in the developing human services advertise. Up until this point, my presentation has been genuinely restricted and however I have amazing plans I don't have a clue about the mix of innovation and the board in this field of human services. This is the thing that I would require in any social insurance association and furthermore in my own restoration community. My definitive point is to improve the personal satisfaction of truly disabled individuals in my private city in Saudi Arabia and I am persuaded that this Master of Health Management Systems Program would furnish me with the essential aptitudes to satisfy my commitments to society.

Duty of Care free essay sample

The term obligation of care alludes to the obligations and duties that somebody in control and authority has to those they are thinking about. In the territory of childcare and early years, educators, nursery laborers and other consideration laborers have an obligation of care to the youngsters they are caring for and are answerable for. There is a general definition for obligation of care just as various definitions in more noteworthy detail. For instance good and legitimate obligations of care. Legitimate obligation of care is the place there are exacting laws and rules that state what must be done when thinking about an individual, for example, wellbeing and security matters. While moral obligation of care is the place there are no set laws or legitimate commitments, yet it is what is the proper activity in a circumstance ethically, for instance a consideration laborer ameliorating a youngster that is crying. In certain faculties we as people have an obligation of care to each other when we are collaborating. We will compose a custom exposition test on Obligation of Care or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 1. 2 Duty of care inside the region of childcare and early years assists with adding to the shielding and security of kids and youngsters. How this is, is that in working with youngsters care laborers, whatever their activity here and there, their job is to shield and guard kids from hurt. Anyway the laborers with an obligation of care to the kids are answerable for the individual child’s/children’s government assistance, wellbeing and prosperity with more noteworthy impact. In having obligation of care set up youngsters are ensured by having set definitive figures in control that are answerable for them and thinking about them to a superior degree. In having these figures the danger of disregard is a lot of lower and kids are more prominent ensured through having somebody answerable straightforwardly for them, permitting them to be better regulated and given more chances to flourish in a protected situation. The more youthful the kid the more noteworthy the obligation of care, however by viewing the youngster and giving consideration and care, the kid can be given the chance and opportunity to create as they should. In having obligation of care a specialist would immediately have greater duty with defending and securing the youngster/kids in everyâ form, including genuinely, socially and mentally. In this manner the laborer with obligation of care to the kids/youngster ought to protect the kid/kids by: Observing the kids and surveying their turn of events, ensuring that the kid is growing accurately and whether any extra help is fundamental. Different offices and guardians/carers/gatekeepers in such a circumstance ought to be educated. Additionally guardians must be normally refreshed about their child’s progress to all the more likely secure the youngster and permit the kid to thrive. The laborer should keep an eye out for any signs that a kid is by and large abuseed or manhandled. By doing this the consideration specialist with the obligation of care can contact social administrations and permit the kid to be secured and given wellbeing through the framework. By securing the kid is like this any future wounds or a potential demise ought to be adverted and the kid subsequently can be protected. The laborer with obligation of care duties ought to likewise be answerable for completing a hazard evaluation in the early years setting. (For instance a school or nursery) By completing this mishaps could be forestalled and the youngsters kept more secure from dangers, damage and wounds. By keeping up a very much kept condition the youngsters are more secure and more averse to be harmed or hurt in any capacity. A specialist with obligation of care to defend youngsters could likewise layout setting conduct desires so kids don't hurt each other, or hurt themselves through battling for instance. This technique assists with ensuring and defend kids truly, socially and inwardly. Possibly clashes and issues may emerge between the obligation of care and an individual’s rights, this circumstance once in a while can happen, a case of which is a kid is being mishandled. For instance a kid in the consideration setting has physical wounds and his conduct has changed adversely. The specialist with obligation of care has seen this and expertly wishes to contact social administrations or advise the boss. Anyway when gotten some information about the wounds the youngster comes up with reasons and advises the laborer not to illuminate another part regarding staff. In this circumstance the kid is in danger and conceivably in harm's way, subsequently the specialist with obligation of care has a duty to the youngster to ensure the kid and defend him against risk. Anyway educating the director or reaching social administrations could be classed as abusing the child’s rights for secrecy and individual decision. In detailing the circumstance the carer would basically be conflicting with the child’s individual wants and this is the place some contention and predicaments might emerge. When there are clashes, there too can be dangers related with this, how that these dangers could be overseen by searching out and getting extra help and exhortation on the most proficient method to manage the circumstance. Regularly a consideration specialist expects help to permit them to work viably and give the kid in need the most ideal treatment. For this situation dangers must be given and figured out how to permit the kid to comprehend the circumstance and have a sense of security and very much dealt with. One hazard in this contention is that the youngster might â€Å"slip through the net† and superfluous injury and mischief could be caused. Anyway another hazard is if a consideration specialist when managing the circumstance might get in a tough situation for disregarding rights and not acting as needs be and to enactment. Dangers ought to be figured out how to make a circumstance where no consideration laborers, youngsters or carers ought to be clashing contrarily and making a far more terrible circumstance, or where more regrettable quandaries are being framed. Dangers are likewise overseen via care laborers following the arrangements and methodology inside their initial years work setting. Likewise in obligation of care hazard taking in general with kids is again and again taken excessively far. For instance kid are one might say â€Å"wrapped in cotton wool† and can't finish possibly progressively audacious difficulties, for example, climbing. Frequently care laborers with obligation of care will keep away from exercises with more hazard related with them, yet by doing this it is basically blocking children’s rights to have the option to have and investigate new encounters just as create through deciphering, anticipating and maintaining a strategic distance from hazardous circumstances. Dangers can in any case be taken and overseen in these circumstances to secure both the consideration specialist and the youngsters. At the point when care laborers require extra help and counsel about clash and situations frequently the chief or other consideration laborers may assist with giving this. Anyway privacy ought to be kept up whenever required. Every so often different experts might be tried to help give understanding and outside information on the current issue. Guardians are likewise ready to give valuable information and backing in some select situations; anyway it is now and then more awful for the youngster to have any guardians or carers included. Much of the time classification is abrogated by obligation of care, for instance if a youngster is in quick genuine peril and in danger from hurt. Be that as it may, once in a while secrecy supersedes obligation of care. On the off chance that in an early years setting any grumblings about obligation of care or different issues are gotten then broad approaches and systems are to be followed likewise with any protest, regardless of whether the grievance is about consideration obligation or some other circumstance. Once in a while a parent may grumble feeling that obligation of care has damaged their child’s rights, or that their child’s care has not been adequate enough. On the off chance that a parent complains, at that point the objection ought to never be overlooked, whenever disregarded the relationship and trust between the parent and the laborer/early years setting could be harmed and the parent may feel they need to expel their kid from the setting. Besides guardians reserve a privilege to grumble in the event that they feel their child’s security or government assistance is in danger, they reserve an option to state in the event that they accept the setting isn't practicing a decent degree of obligation of care. On the off chance that a grievance arises, at that point the approaches and methodology of the individual consideration setting ought to be followed and worked out, ensuring that care laborers are as a rule properly secured and that the kid in questions rights just as the parent/carers rights, are being secured and kept up. Generally speaking Duty of Care serves to a huge degree to ensure and shield youngsters in all situations and circumstances. Kids are being given insurance and are protected truly, inwardly, socially and mentally from their carers, other kids and from complete outsiders by there being a type of care obligation set up. Having obligation of care is a lawful prerequisite and not to be messed with when managing little youngsters. This framework is ensuring youngsters and permitting them to progress nicely and prevail for their future. Obligation of cheerful exposition test Question?Assignment 204 Introduction to obligation of care in wellbeing, social consideration or children’s and youthful people’s settings Assignment piece Assignment diagram In this task, you will show your comprehension of what is implied by the term ‘duty of care’. You will consider the sorts of issue that you may emerge in grown-up social consideration work, and discover where to get guidance and backing to deal with these. You will see how to react to protests, ensuring you know and follow concurred methodology. Errands There are three undertakings to this task. A Letter B Case Studies C Short answer questions Applicant name:Candidate number: Center name:Centre number: I can affirm that the proof recorded for this unit is my own work and was completed under the conditions and setting indicated in the appraisal explicit

What Is the Fear and Phobia of Bees

What Is the Fear and Phobia of Bees Phobias Types Print Overview of the Fear of Bees (Apiphobia) By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on August 17, 2019 Cheyenne Montgomery/Moment/Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Known as apiphobia, the irrational fear of bees is arguably one of the most common specific animal phobias. Like all phobias, the fear of bees may have many different causes. Some people develop a phobia after being stung or watching someone else get stung, but prior exposure is not necessary for the fear to occur. Symptoms There is a distinct difference between fearing and not wanting to get stung by a bee, and someone who is apiphobic. Those with apiphobia often find themselves in life-limiting situations, such as avoiding the outdoors in an effort to not come in contact with bees, or refusing to go out during certain climates when bees are more common. Bee Stings In most people, a bee sting is a mildly painful annoyance. Nonetheless, the experience can be frightening, especially for children. Bees often swarm, traveling together in tightly packed groups. Although it is relatively uncommon to be stung by more than one bee at once, it can certainly happen, especially if the hive is disturbed. Being attacked by numerous bees simultaneously may increase the risk of developing a phobia. Some people are highly allergic to bee stings. In people with an allergy, a single sting could cause a dangerous reaction, and multiple stings could easily lead to death. By definition, a phobia is irrational. For those who are allergic to bee stings, however, the fear is perfectly rational. If you are allergic to bees, then a fear of them is not considered a phobia. Killer Bees Bees take on the role of villain in numerous films, but the popular media may be to blame for some cases of apiphobia. So-called Africanized bees developed when specially bred African bees, believed to produce more honey, were accidentally released in the 1950s. The African bees mated with other species of wild bees, producing a strain of Africanized bees that are more aggressive than the relatively docile European bees. As the Africanized bees continue to spread across the world, the media reports on their progress, often greatly exaggerating their aggressive tendencies. The term killer bees is often used to describe this strain, even though they are responsible for only one or two deaths in the United States each year. Treatment Bees are exceptionally common, making it very difficult to avoid them. Fortunately, like all phobias, the fear of bees generally responds well to a variety of brief therapy options. Of course, if you are allergic to bee stings, it is important to work with your physician to develop an appropriate response to minimize your risks. Behavioral Therapy and Other Treatment for Phobias

The Aeneid Essay - 1069 Words

Publius Vergilius Maro, more commonly known as Virgil, was born on October 15, 70 B.C. in a small village near Mantua in Northern Italy. He was born into a relatively â€Å"well-to-do† family, as his parents were farm owners with a hefty amount of land to their name. Virgil was provided with an education that quenched his thirst for knowledge. He showed a particular interest in mathematics and medicine, but also studied in law and rhetoric. Quickly after his first law case, he gave up his studies of law and turned his interests to philosophy. Due to civil unrest, Virgil was forced to flee his home in 49 B.C. He traveled to Naples and began his career as a poet. With sponsorship from his friend, Augustus Caesar, Virgil was able to enjoy the†¦show more content†¦The Aeneid also proved to roman citizens that the roman Emperors were descendants of the founders, heros and gods of Rome and Troy. (â€Å"Patron Augustus-Client Rome†) Virgil used some of the same chara cters that Homer used in his famous poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey. Ulysses was the hero of Homer’s Odyssey. In the Odyssey, Ulysses took a long, dangerous, and treacherous voyage before he was able to make it home again, very similar to Aeneas. References that are used in the Aeneid to the current location of Ulysses help readers realize Aeneas’ location when compared to Ulysses in the poem. Achilles, who was the greatest of all the Greek warriors, slew Hector, a Trojan hero, during the war in the Aeneid and was the tragic hero of the Iliad. Hector was also used as a parallel figure to Turnus, who also defended his native city to the death. Andromache, Hector’s wife, survived the siege of Troy. She meets Aeneas on his journey, tells him her story, and advises his course to Italy. Paris was a Trojan prince, and the brother to Hector. He was asked by Venus, Juno, and Minerva to make a judgement on who the most attractive of the three was. He was promised Helen by Venus, therefore, he chose Venus. Stealing Helen provokes the Trojan War. Menelaus was Helen’s husband and he made a pact with Helen’s other suitors to fight anyone who tried to steal her. When Paris took Helen, the pact was invoked and the Trojan War began. His selection inspires â€Å"haughty Juno’sShow MoreRelatedMotives Of The Aeneid1371 Words   |  6 PagesObserving the Aeneid reveals that the gods played in an important role in interceding alongside Aeneas. There is a prevalent endeavor amongst the gods including the difficulty to accept a predestined fate, or the frustration with a fellow god. The endeavor of the gods is a consistent theme throughout the Aeneid, and presents the critical role that Romans believed the gods had in their assistance to found Rome. JUNO Motives of Juno Preceding the storyline of the Aeneid is the tensionRead MoreThe Aeneid and The Odyssey1324 Words   |  6 PagesOdyssey and Virgils The Aeneid? There are many similarities that could be examined indepth. The lovers encountered in both plays can lead to the idea of ancient plagarism. The games held by the greeks and trojans are similar to the Olympic Games. The downfall of characters, cities or monsters can be seen often in many stories. Maybe rewriting history is the effort of a plagarist to cheat true historical events. The lovers Aeneas and Odysseus encounter in either the Aeneid or Odyssey is vast andRead MoreThe Aeneid And The Odyssey1547 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' The Aeneid and The Odyssey The Aeneid and The Odyssey are two of the most famous poems written in their time. While there are other poems that are also notable, these two poems are well known for showing strong battles between mythical creatures and strong heroes. Homer and Virgil have written incredible poems that have stood the test of time. The depth of their vision was beyond their time and is still used around the world thousands of years later to show honest, loyal, strong heroes. The AeneidRead MoreThe Aeneid And The Hero1103 Words   |  5 Pages The protagonist of the Aeneid and known hero to many, Aeneas, was a man of many virtues. His courage and obedience towards the Roman gods are clearly shown all throughout the book, as well as his passion for justice. When he leaves his lover, Dido, at the bidding of the gods, he shows obedience even when it went against his own will. The time Aeneas travels into the underworld to find his deceased father, it shows great bravery. It is even seen by the exam ple of the crew of Aeneas that he wasRead MoreCritical Review Of Ovid s Aeneid And Aeneid1382 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Review of Ovid’s and Virgil’s Aeneid The tale of the Aeneid tells the story of Aeneas and how he founds the Roman people. The most well known version of this story is Virgil’s Aeneid. The traditional interpretation of Virgil’s depiction of the hero and the myth is that it was used as propaganda for the new imperial system that the emperor Augustus had introduced. In contrast with this is the Harvard School interpretation, which states that Virgil’s Aeneid is actually undermining the ImperialRead MoreDestiny In The Aeneid1188 Words   |  5 Pagesmy soul†, William Ernest Henley’s, Invictus. Individuals often believe life is independent of outside forces; one does not often ponder whether situations that introduce decisions or experiences are controlled by fate and the gods. In Virgil’s The Aeneid, he introduces the notion that we are all subject to the workings of fate regardless of our will or desire; this is shown through the tragic romance between Aeneas, a Trojan, and Dido, t he queen of Carthage. Their love and lives are a combinationRead MoreThe Aeneid by Virgil1507 Words   |  6 Pagesvalues that was deemed â€Å"good† during that period. One of the values that was enforced during Vergil’s time by Augustus was patriotism, which in the Aeniad’s context is prioritizing between personal satisfaction, or the greater good. In book 4 of the Aeneid, the character Aenias and Dido represents the two opposing values, in which Aenias represents the greater good, while Dido represents the personal satisfaction. For example, Dido was willing to sacrifice her honor and the respect of her people forRead MoreComparing The Iliad And The Aeneid1517 Words   |  7 Pagesestablishing is that the source of good and evil are the same while being different. Reminiscent of how The Iliad and the Aeneid are both epic poems that share similarities such as the setting, the reoccurring motif of gods, as well as aspects like the two heroes and the goals to be reached by the plot. When comparing the similarities between the two epics, The Iliad and the Aeneid, one of the most obvious is the setting of which they each take place. They are a part of the same era, one where the worldRead MoreThe Aeneid Of Virgil And Virgil1512 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Aeneid of Virgil, Virgil places great importance on family relationships and respect for one’s ancestors. Aeneas is shown to have great respect for his father which can be seen even after his father’s death. Homer, in The Odyssey, has the lack of a real relationship between Odysseus and Telemachus due to the fact that Odysseus has not been in a majority of Telemachus’ life. On the surface, The Odyssey and The Aeneid of Virgil and their father-son relationships may appear different but theyRead MoreThe Odyssey : The Aeneid And The Odyssey1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe Aeneid and the Odyssey are perhaps two of the most famous epic poems to come out of the ancient world. Both stories involve ac ts of heroism, divine intervention, and ultimately, victory. They both offer insights into the cultures of Rome and Greece at the time of their writings. Additionally, both works stem from the same event (the Trojan War) but follow different characters, touching on different aspects of the idealized hero in Roman and Greek culture. We must first start by discussing who

Animal Testing Should Be Banned - 2223 Words

Anna Hanger Mr. Graham Honors English 2nd Hour 4/27/16 Initial Rough Draft Animal testing is seemingly needed to test medicines, cosmetics, and other consumer products. Imagine poor helpless animals, trapped in cages, and having chemicals injected into their bodies. These animals just want to be free, but they are treated poorly so the scientists know if a product is safe or not for humans. But who is this really helping? The animals are being mistreated by being experimented on the humans behalf. Some of the experiments fail and end up killing the innocent animals. Animals should have the same rights humans have. They feel pain, they have emotions like humans, but they do not have the voice to say no. Even though some say that it is necessary to test on animals, there are better methods of testing consumer products. Scientists have to test the drugs on the animal before they can test the product on humans. If the drug is dangerous or toxic, it could initially harm the animals. Some scientists do a vivisection, which basically means operating on live animals for the purpose of research. This results in injury or even death to the animals. The US Department of Agriculture stated that in 2010 97,123 animals suffered in experiments when not given anesthesia, which included 1,395 primates, 5,996 rabbits, 33,652 guinea pigs, and 48,015 hamsters (Animal Testing). To decrease these numbers, there are other ways in testing consumer products. These ways include: InShow MoreRelatedShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words   |  3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. Have you ever check if there’s animal testing on the cosmetics before you buy it? Today, a lot of cosmetics has been testing on helpless animals and there are about 1.4 million animals die each year from animal testing ( CatalanoJ, 1994). Most of the experiments that are completed in the laboratories are very cruelRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned880 Words   |  4 Pagesdepending on animals testing. Therefore, if people talk about laboratories, they should remember animal experiments. Those animals have the right to live, according to people who dislike the idea of doing testing on animals; the other opinion, supports the idea of animal testing as the important part of the source of what has reached medicine of the results and solutions for diseases prevalent in every time and place. Each year huge numbers of animals a re sacrificed for the science all these animals, whetherRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned776 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Should be Banned  ¨Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisioned and abused in US labs every year ¨ ( ¨11 Facts About Animal Testing ¨). Imagine if that was someones animal getting tortured in labs just to test things such as beauty products and perfume. Animal testing was first suggested when,  ¨Charles Darwin evolutionary theory in the mid 1850s also served to suggest that animals could serve as effective models to facilitate biological understanding in humans ¨ (Murnaghan)Read MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned940 Words   |  4 Pages1). Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused in US labs every year. 2). 92% of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials. (DoSomething â€Å"11 Facts About Animal Testing†). There are currently no laws combating the testing of cosmetics on animals, but the practice is harmful and must be ended. As evidenced by the statistics above, millions of animals are tortured and murdered in the United States every year for virtually no reasonRead MoreShould Animal Testing Be Banned?1665 Words   |  7 PagesTesting Cosmetics on Animals Companies around the world use animals to test cosmetics. Animals, such as rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, and mice, are used to test the effects of chemicals on the eyes and skin. While animal testing is not mandatory, many companies use it. About Cosmetics Animal Testing by the Humane Society International talks about the different options companies have that do not require the cruel use and eventual death of animals. The article also talks about the overallRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1572 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Testing Every year, over two hundred million innocent animals are injured or killed in scientific experiments across the world. Of those animals, between seventeen and twenty million are used in the United States alone. It is said that an animal dies in a laboratory every three seconds (Animal Testing 101). Those in favor of animal experimentation say they are taking animals’ lives to save humans. It is not necessary to subject animals to torturous conditions or painful experiments in theRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is being used by different organizations all over the world to prevent specific diseases, especially cancer. Americans see animal testing having a harmful effect but it is one of the main reasons why society has most cures for some illnesses. This topic is important because people need to know what goes on during animal testing and why it is very beneficial. Animal testing needs to be used to find all cures. Some ani mals such as chimps/ monkeys have 90% of the same DNA humans haveRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1721 Words   |  7 Pages † Today, more animals are being used in experiments than ever before: around 100 million in the United States alone† (3). Animal testing is now an international issue, and it is becoming a major story. Currently, animals are often used in medical testing, make-up testing, and other consumer product testing. Animals used in such product testing are often abused and suffer from serious side-effects. Animal testing can be painful for the animals, testing results are usually not even useable forRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1364 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefit. Using animals for these experimentations usually does not come to mind. Animals are often abused, suffer, and even die during laboratory testing for the benefits of people to make sure medications, household products, newest procedures, and cosmetics are safe and effective for human use. Humans have benefited from animal testing for years while these animals suffer consequences with no positive outcomes for themselves. Even if a product or procedure is deemed successful, these animals are frequentlyRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Testing Should Be Banned Throughout the decades, animals have been used in medical research to test the safety of cosmetics including makeup, hair products, soaps, perfume, and countless of other products. Animals have also been used to test antibiotics and other medicines to eliminate any potential risks that they could cause to humans. The number of animals worldwide that are used in laboratory experiments yearly exceeds 115 million animals. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of

Chemistry Agumentative Essay Free Essays

The Bohr’s Atomic Model | Argumentative Essay| shhss| In 1913, a Danish physicist named Niels Bohr  put Rutherford’s findings together with the observed spectra to come up with a new model of the atom in a real leap of intuition. I believe that the Bohr’s model of atom explains well about the atomic theory, because in his experiments it is shown and explained the structure of an atom. His famous suggestion is about that the electrons orbit around the nucleus of an atom. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry Agumentative Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bohr experimented with atomic spectrum that proved his suggestion. The Bohr’s experiments with atomic spectra explained how each element had a unique spectrum and the  wavelength  of each line within a spectrum had a specific energy. When atoms in the gas tubes absorbed the energy from the electric current, the electrons became excited and jumped from low energy levels (close to the nucleus) to high energy levels (farther out from the nucleus). The excited electrons would fall back to their original levels and emit energy as light. Because there were specific differences between the energy levels, only specific wavelengths of light were seen in the spectrum. Bohr’s Periodic behavior of elements described how did elements with similar properties had similar atomic spectra. Bohr also explained that Each electron orbit of the same size or energy (shell) could only hold so many electrons. For example, the first shell could hold two electrons, the second could hold eight electrons, the third could hold 18 electrons, the fourth 32 and so on until reaching the seventh. When one shell was filled, electrons were found at higher levels. Chemical properties were based on the number of electrons in the outermost shell. Elements with full outer shells do not react. Other elements take or give up electrons to get a full outer shell. As it turns out, Bohr’s model is also useful for explaining the behavior of  lasers, although these devices were not invented until the middle of the 20th century. Bohr’s model was the model that made a great leap in sciences until new discoveries were made. This model was proposed in 1913 by Niels Bohr and was really an expansion on the Rutherford model of 1911. The Rutherford model had several flaws that the Bohr model overcame. How to cite Chemistry Agumentative Essay, Essay examples

Chemistry Agumentative Essay Free Essays

The Bohr’s Atomic Model | Argumentative Essay| shhss| In 1913, a Danish physicist named Niels Bohr  put Rutherford’s findings together with the observed spectra to come up with a new model of the atom in a real leap of intuition. I believe that the Bohr’s model of atom explains well about the atomic theory, because in his experiments it is shown and explained the structure of an atom. His famous suggestion is about that the electrons orbit around the nucleus of an atom. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry Agumentative Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bohr experimented with atomic spectrum that proved his suggestion. The Bohr’s experiments with atomic spectra explained how each element had a unique spectrum and the  wavelength  of each line within a spectrum had a specific energy. When atoms in the gas tubes absorbed the energy from the electric current, the electrons became excited and jumped from low energy levels (close to the nucleus) to high energy levels (farther out from the nucleus). The excited electrons would fall back to their original levels and emit energy as light. Because there were specific differences between the energy levels, only specific wavelengths of light were seen in the spectrum. Bohr’s Periodic behavior of elements described how did elements with similar properties had similar atomic spectra. Bohr also explained that Each electron orbit of the same size or energy (shell) could only hold so many electrons. For example, the first shell could hold two electrons, the second could hold eight electrons, the third could hold 18 electrons, the fourth 32 and so on until reaching the seventh. When one shell was filled, electrons were found at higher levels. Chemical properties were based on the number of electrons in the outermost shell. Elements with full outer shells do not react. Other elements take or give up electrons to get a full outer shell. As it turns out, Bohr’s model is also useful for explaining the behavior of  lasers, although these devices were not invented until the middle of the 20th century. Bohr’s model was the model that made a great leap in sciences until new discoveries were made. This model was proposed in 1913 by Niels Bohr and was really an expansion on the Rutherford model of 1911. The Rutherford model had several flaws that the Bohr model overcame. How to cite Chemistry Agumentative Essay, Essay examples

Eating Foods Healthy Eating Essay Example For Students

Eating Foods : Healthy Eating Essay Healthy eating means eating a variety of foods that gives you the nutrients you need to maintain your health, feeling good with your health conditions, and having enough energy throughout the day (Nordqvist). A poor diet can cause harm a person’s daily life activities. Research from Eating Healthy Might Prove Too Expensive for Poor ABC News shows, that the price of eating healthy foods may be expensive to a family who earns a low-income. So, eating fast foods may be more convenient for them knowing that the prices are way less. However, everyone should make the effort to stop eating foods that will later on harm your health. As mentioned in the article Healthy Eating, â€Å"Healthy eating is not about strict dietary limitations, staying unrealistically thin, or depriving yourself of the foods you love†. Rather, it can bring a lot of benefits to your life. For example, individuals will lower the risk of obesity, lower diseases that can later down the road affect your well being, and having the right amount of nutrients can help you live a longer life. Therefore, people should stop having bad eating habits and consider a healthy diet no matter how tempted it gets to buy a cheeseburger or anything in a dollar menu.Although, In many situation people who have poor eating habits have a problem with not having enough money to afford good nutrient. This is very true in many cases. Carla Williams, medical contributor to ABC News, discusses, some relevant research in this field, stating, â€Å"low-income families are drawn to fast foods not just because it is cheap; their main concern is not going to bed hungry at night†. However, Katz mention that spending $100 dollars every two week is way cheaper to prevent a family of four from getting cancer,. .bles, whole grains, calcium, and fiber (â€Å"Why Policy†). In conclusion, If you don’t take care of your body and what you feed these major consequences can occur. So, why not eat a delicious fruit bowl instead of a greasy hamburger or a vegetable salad, rather than a Twinkle. It will not be too expensive in the long run. You will avoid paying a personal trainer to help you lose weight, you will not have these ridiculous medical bills, but most importantly, you will save your time in having to visit the doctor on a daily. Also, to have to wait forty-five minutes to and hour can be very irritating, especially when you will only see your doctor for five minutes and prescribe you the same medication as the previous visit. Remember up to 2.635 million people died each other each year. Do you want to fall under those million of deaths because the lack of of bad nutrient.

Wonderful Wire Cable Berhad (manufacturing company) Essay Example

Wonderful Wire Cable Berhad (manufacturing company) Essay As for the manufacturing company, the business risk may arise whether the company able to control the output prices. If the company has ability to adjust output prices when there are changes input costs, such as raw material, the lower the degree of business risk. Manufacturing company has the authorities to increase the selling prices of its products, when the raw material costs increases, subsequently company would not bear extra losses. Alternatively, company could not raise the selling prices when the raw material costs increases, the profit of the company will be reduce. Hence, company bears the business risk. For instance, there was a significant decreased in Wonderful Wire Cable Berhads sales which may due to unexpected and unprecedented escalating prices of copper and aluminium which seriously hurt the earnings of cable manufacturers in the country. On the other hand, retailing company, Hai-O Enterprise Berhad does not face this problem as the company does not incurred raw material costs as the manufacturing company. Retailing company get the final goods from the manufacturer and sell off the goods through branches, therefore retailing company does not have significant problem on this. The price of final goods that purchased from the manufacture is more stable. Furthermore, for the manufacturing company such as Wonderful Wire Cable Berhad, will need more finance in order finance its fixed assets. Due to its nature, manufacturing company need more assets to produce their products, so company need more fund to get assets and maintain the assets. We will write a custom essay sample on Wonderful Wire Cable Berhad (manufacturing company) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wonderful Wire Cable Berhad (manufacturing company) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wonderful Wire Cable Berhad (manufacturing company) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Company may have not enough cash or fund to finance; in order to get more fund, short-term borrowings and long-term borrowings will be adopted. Therefore, the gearing of the manufacturing company will be higher than the retailing company. In 2007, Wonderful Wire Cable Berhad has negative financial gearing which mean the company has very high accumulated losses. This is caused by the increased prices in copper and aluminium. Companys equity unable to cover the borrowings, this could lead company into difficulties. However, retailing company such as Hai-O Enterprise Berhad has high operating gearing might be due to the large inventory that the company need to keep in the warehouse. The inventory that kept in the warehouse need to be guard by security or managed by the staff, this may incurred more extra expenses. As we know that, operating expenses is the ratio of the companys fixed cost to its total costs. Therefore, the Hai-O Enterprise Berhad has higher operating costs compare to financial gearing. Company have low financial gearing which mean company does not rely much on borrowings. This gearing indicates that this company is safe for investment. In conclusion, Hai-O Enterprise Berhad and Wonderful Wire Cable Berhad does not represent all the retailing and manufacturing industry. But, it has indicates that the companies need a good risk management to reduce their risk into an acceptable level. Thus, this could ensure the company able to run their operations smoothly without liquidation problems.

The Story of Bakelite, the First Synthetic Plastic

The Story of Bakelite, the First Synthetic Plastic Plastics are so prevalent throughout the world that we rarely give them a second thought. This heat-resistant, non-conductive, easily-molded material holds the food we eat, the liquids we drink, the toys we play with, the computers we work with, and many of the objects we buy. It’s everywhere, as prevalent as wood and metal.   Where did it come from?   Leo Baekeland and Plastic The first commercially-used synthetic plastic was Bakelite. It was invented by a successful scientist named Leo Hendrik Baekeland. Born in Ghent, Belgium, in 1863, Baekeland immigrated to the United States in 1889. His first major invention was Velox, a photographic printing paper that could be developed under artificial light. Baekeland sold the rights to Velox to George Eastman and Kodak for one million dollars in 1899.   He then started his own laboratory in Yonkers, New York, where he invented Bakelite in 1907.  Made by combining phenol, a common disinfectant, with formaldehyde, Bakelite was originally conceived of as  a synthetic substitute for the shellac used in electronic insulation. However, the strength and moldability of the substance, combined with the low cost of producing the material, made it ideal for manufacturing. In 1909, Bakelite was introduced to the general public at a chemical conference. Interest in the plastic was immediate. Bakelite was used to manufacture everything from telephone handsets and costume jewelry to bases and sockets for lights bulbs to automobile engine parts and washing machine components.   Bakelite Corp Fittingly, when Baekeland founded the Bakelite Corp, the company adopted a logo that incorporated the sign for infinity and a tag line that read The Material of a Thousand Uses. That was an understatement.   Over time, Baekeland obtained about 400 patents relating to his creation. By 1930, his company occupied a 128-acre plant in New Jersey. The material fell out of favor, however, because of adaptive issues. Bakelite was fairly brittle in its pure form. To make it more malleable and durable, it was strengthened with additives. Unfortunately, the additives dulled the hue colorized Bakelite.  When other plastics that followed were found to hold their color better, Bakelite was abandoned.   Baekeland, the man who ushered in the age of plastic, died at the age of 80 in Beacon, NY in 1944.

Evidence Based Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evidence Based Nursing - Essay Example Additionally, the nurses seek to undertake a self completed survey, which implies that the mothers will only be questioned and the nurses will document the results of the survey in wait for the final findings. This raises the ethics components since, the nurse is exposed to becoming judgmental on their subjects given the scope of the research. Question 1b In order to protect the human subjects’ rights of this study population, the IRB must assess various components including the right to self-determination. In this regard, the IRB must assess whether the employers of the nurses clearly and in articulate writing, informed the nurses about whether the participation in this particular research in a condition for employment and thereby expose any relevant risks associated with the study. As such the IRB must analyze the risks to benefit ratio of the study and document whether the eminent risks and/or benefits are clearly described. Further, with the minimal risk guidance level, th e IRB must prove whether the prevailing risks are greater than the minimal risk and the available measure of mitigating the risks. Additionally, the IRB must assess the subjects’ vulnerability in the study and how the researchers have handled the informed consent component. This will involve the IRB in investigating whether the nurses’ selection of the subjects is appropriate and whether the burden of participation is likely to fall on those who will actually benefit from the findings of the research. In this regard, the IRB might question the hospitalized mothers’ involvement in the survey while the focus of the survey is to address child abuse. It is imperative that abuse to children involve parents subjecting their children to unlawful conditions and/or treatment. Therefore the involvement of the parents in the survey will instantly raise the question of subjects’ vulnerability. The other components that IRB will have to assess in this study includes w hether the subjects are given incentives, issues to do with extra safeguards and privacy and confidentiality components of the survey (Beyae & Slattery, 2006). Question 1c The unique ethical concerns of this study could stem from the fact that nurses are obliged to observe confidentiality and privacy in serving the interest of their clients, however, the study seeks to expose the nurses to violate that obligation. When the nurses will question the mothers of hospitalized children within the given age bracket and record the results as sources for the survey, then the privacy of the clients will be violated. Question 1d As a prerequisite condition for allowing the study, the IRB member will seek clarification on the underlying components of study including the specific ways that the nurses have planned to address the eminent ethical issues concerning the privacy and the right to informed consent so as to ensure that the survey achieves the stated objectives without subjecting the stud y subject’s, who could be vulnerable to undue pressure as the IRB provisions demand. Question 1e As a matter of principle, the nurses will conduct the survey within the scope of the IRB provisions and thus remain vigilant in ensuring informed consent and privacy and confidentiality of the subjects are adhered to. In this regard, the nurses will remain advocates of the subjects in the sense that they will make sure the subjects’ confidentiality since they will apply procedures that are in

Childhood Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Childhood Obesity - Essay Example The American Academy of Pediatrics terms childhood obesity as an ‘unprecedented burden’ on the children’s health. The unnecessary weight gain, primarily due to poor diet and lack of exercise, accounts for as many as 300,000 deaths each year.   It is estimated Obesity costs the society, on an annual basis, nearly $ 90 billion (Stewart 2009). Methodology for Determining Childhood Obesity To determine whether a child is overweight or obese, the body mass index (BMI), a measure that uses a child's weight and height, is calculated. Body mass index (BMI) is expressed as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m2). The BMI is a realistic estimation of body fatness for most children and teens even though it does not measure body fat directly. Unlike the BMI categories used for adults, a child's weight status is determined with the help of an age and sex specific percentile for BMI. This methodology is adopted because the children's body composition v aries as they age and differs for boys and girls. In normal parlance, the terms ‘overweight’ and ‘obese’ are used interchangeably. However there is a technical difference. Overweight is defined as a BMI at or above the 85th percentile and lower than the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex while obesity refers to the BMI at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex (Milne 2007). Risks Associated with Childhood Obesity Obesity is associated with numerous risks for children not only when they are young but also during their later life. Obese children are susceptible to having high blood pressure and high cholesterol as well as heightened risk of impaired glucose tolerance. Close to 70 percent of obese children have at least one additional risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (Frieden 2010). Such children are more prone to contracting Type II diabetes, breathing problems and asthma. Obese children are also known to ha ve medical conditions like joint problems, musculoskeletal discomfort, fatty liver disease, gallstones, and gastro-esophageal reflux. The adverse effects of obese continue even as these children grow. As adolescents, obese children have a greater chance of encountering social and psychological problems resulting in poor self-esteem. It is a myth that plump babies naturally outgrow their baby fat. The reality is that excess weight tends to persist in later life as well. There is empirical evidence that establishes the fact that obese children are more likely to become obese adults and this obesity in adulthood is prone to be more severe. Children who are obese at age six have a 50 percent higher chance of being obese as adults, irrespective of the parental obesity status. Four-fifth of obese children at ages 10-15 also tend to be obese at age 25 (Frieden 2010). The obesity in adulthood leads to a serious health conditions including heart disease, diabetes, and is even responsible for some cancers (Berger 2006). Causes of Childhood Obesity In simple parlance, childhood obesity is the consequence of consuming more calories than an individual can burn. Many factors, biological, economic, and social, converge and are responsible for childhood obesity. Each of these factors has a significant influence on the type of food ingestion, method of food preparation as well as on food consumption (Procter 2008). Various experts have put forth numerous causes of childhood obesity

Distortion effect for electric guitar

Distortion effect for electric guitar Distortion Effect For Electric Guitar Using FPGA Introduction Project Goals And Objectives The goal of the project is to implement distortion effects for electric guitar on an FPGA board. The algorithm that is going to be used is The Extended Karplus Strong Algorithm (Jaffe Smith, 1983). The analog audio signal from the electric guitar is captured by the analog to digital converter (ADC) module of the board. The FPGA is going to send the digital audio signal to a speaker to be played. The algorithm is going to be implemented on FPGA instead of using ASIC design approach. The pros and cons of FPGA design and ASIC design are discussed on the Xilinx website. The design advantage comparison of FPGA and ASICand the design flow comparison of FPGA and ASIC (Xilinx Corporation, 2009). ASIC design has more steps to complete as can be seen . Also, it is suitable for very high volume designs. For a single unit, using FPGA is a better solution. FPGA has no upfront non recurring expenses. It is faster to implement. Manufacturing of ASIC design chips take long time. However, a design can be downloaded to the FPGA and programmed very fast. Considering all these, using FPGA design is more suitable for this project. Project Deliverables The deliverables include the Verilog HDL code of the design. It is going to be synthesizable and can be used with suitable FPGA boards. The final project report is going to be delivered. It is going to include the details of the hardware algorithm, the design process and the results obtained from the functional verification and the hardware validation of the system. A demonstration of the project is doing to be done with the developed prototype of the system. The electric guitar is going to be the input of the system. The output from the board is going to be played through speakers. Technology Trends Before the invention of FPGAs, CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Device) were the most complex programmable logic devices. And before CPLDs, PALs (Programmable Array Logic) were used frequently. PALs were introduced in March 1978 by Monolithic Memories, Inc. They are only one time programmable. PALs are consisted of PROMs (programmable read-only memory). They were mostly used in minicomputers. These devices have fixed OR and programmable AND arrays. This enables the implementation of sum of products logic. A simplified programmable logic device. Typically, PAL devices have a few hundred gates. CPLD devices have higher complexities compared to PAL devices. They have similar features to both PAL devices and FPGAs. Like PALs, they dont have external ROMs, which enable the CPLDs to start functioning just after startup. They have much higher number of gates compared to PAL devices. They have around thousands to tens of thousands of gates. However, this is low compared to FPGAs, since the number of gates inside the FPGAs can go up to a few millions. FPGAs have the most number of gates and flip-flops compared to the others. They are more flexible but their design is more complex. The first distortion effect for electric guitar wasnt produced on purpose. It was mostly caused because of damaged guitar amplifiers. One example was a recording by Johnny Brunette Trio, which caused a fuzz tone effect. (The Train Kept Rollin, 2009). Electronic based distortion and overdrive effects came to scene in 1960s and 1970s. The effects were achieved by diodes, transistors and amplifiers and most of these pedals were analog. With the improvement in the digital signal processing techniques, digital processors became an important part of the technology in the last decade. Market Research The digital products in the market nowadays feature more adjustable effects than just a distortion effect. Typically, they have parallel effect modules that can run simultaneously. They also have advanced software. They have preset tones and effect libraries, tuners and even more features. Also, most of them have USB interfaces with a PC or MAC for compatible recording software. So, the projects features arent going to be able to match the products features in the market. Boss, Line 6, Zoom, Korg, Digitech are among the major companies which produce digital guitar effects processors. The bestselling multieffect electric guitar processors on Amazon.com. It can be observed that Zoom and Digitech have the most market. Requirements Functional Requirements The electric guitar will be connected to the FPGA boards analog to digital converter input. The analog to digital converter is going to convert the incoming analog signal to an 8-bit digital signal. The sampling frequency is going to be 44100 Hz, which is the standard for most of the digital audio files. The reason for choosing this sampling frequency is the human ears ability. The human ear cannot perceive frequencies above 20 KHz. According to the Nyquist Sampling Theorem, a signal can be exactly reconstructed from its samples if the sampling frequency is greater than twice the highest frequency of the signal. If the highest frequency that the human ear can perceive is considered to be 20 KHz, anything above 40 KHz is going to be enough for sampling frequency (Schulzrinne, 2008). The signal is going to be processed inside the FPGA using The Extended Karplus Strong Algorithm (Jaffe Smith, 1983). The processing should be fast enough so that the human ear cannot understand the delay between the time when the player hits a note on the guitar and the time that the output is played by the speakers. After the processing, the 8-bit signal is going to be converted to analog. Finally, this analog signal is going to be sent to the speakers and played. The hardware functionality that the system is going to provide. Nonfunctional Requirements The most of important constraint on the system will be the time constraint. The delay between the input and output audio signals must be minimized. This requires the design to be fast. For this purpose, the resources available on the FPGA should be used efficiently. The most of important constraints on the timing of the design is going to occur due to the algorithm. Floating-point arithmetic might be needed to use according to the algorithm. This might cause the calculations to take longer. Also, another constraint on the system is the speed of the FPGA. The speed of the FPGA is not going to cause a problem for sampling the incoming analog audio signal. However, the speed of the FPGA is going to put a constraint on the speed of the algorithm. A pipelined algorithm might be used in order to satisfy the requirements for the speed and the timing of the system. There are going to be feedback loops, filters and saturator blocks in the system. So, a pipelined algorithm is going to increase the utilization of these blocks and this is going to result in the increase in the throughput. If there is a pipelined algorithm, more resources are going to be needed to implement the pipelined system. The limited amount of the resources such as memory blocks and arithmetic units might put a constraint on the design. Also, another constraint is going to be the data width of the ADC and DAC. Due to the limited number of bits on ADC and DAC, the quality of the digital audio signal is going to be limited. Product Requirements Analysis The product requirement analysis is done using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) technique. The most important criteria for customer satisfaction are low delay time and distortion effect level. Also, good sound quality is very important too. Implementation of additional effects is the least important feature of the product. Low power consumption, low cost, effect adjustability, good bass and treble sounds, good feedback are also expected to have good standards by the customer. In order to meet the customer expectations, most important step is choosing the distortion effect algorithm correctly. The use of external resources should be kept to minimum level in order to meet the speed requirements of the system. Any use of external memory is going to cause additional memory access time and cause the system to function slower. This is going to result in an unwanted delay time. Bit resolution is also important. It is going to affect the sound quality. The higher number of bits is going to increase the quality. It might also help us get rid of using floating point arithmetic for implementing the saturation algorithm. However, the higher number of bits might cause a problem with the pipeline implementation. Project Requirements FPGA has to capture the analog sound and this signal is going to come from the output of an electric guitar. The FPGA board that is going to be used is chosen to be Spartan-3A Starter Kit board because of its built in analog to digital converter and digital to analog converter modules. The board also has a stereo mini jack for audio. These features make this board very suitable for audio processing and thus, very suitable for this project. Also, the FPGA chip has 700 K gates (Xilinx Corporation, 2009). In order to play the output, stereo speakers are going to be connected to the board pin to which the output signal is connected. The design is going to be done in register transfer level (RTL). The RTL design of the system is going to be described using Verilog HDL. In order to do this, Xilinxs design tool Xilinx ISE Webpack 11.3, which is free a program, is going to be used. Before prototyping the system, functional verification has to be completed successfully. For this purpose, Modelsim, which is develop by Mentor Graphics, is going to be used. Before starting the hardware design of the system, the algorithm is going to be simulated and verified using functional blocks in MATLAB Simulink. The hardware requirements for the system are and the software requirements for the system. Design Architecture As discussed earlier, the algorithm that is going to be used is The Extended Karplus Strong Algorithm (Jaffe Smith, 1983). The algorithm extensively uses filters. The algorithm is modeled and simulated under MATLAB Simulink. The model consists of functional blocks. The filters are defined by their discrete transfer functions. There is also a feedback loop. The sound is amplified by a gain block and passes through a saturation block. The saturation block basically causes the signal to saturate if its amplitude goes over or below specific thresholds. So, the higher the signal is amplified by the gain block, the more the signal is going to get distorted; since it is going to be saturated from lower amplitude compared to its new peak value. The model of The Karplus Strong Algorithm. Since there are consequent filter blocks, the signal is going to be delayed. To overcome the problem, the level of parallelism should be increased. Since there are 20 block RAMs in the FPGA, these can be used for increasing the pipeline depth and the level of parallelism. When an 8-bit sample passes though the first filter, it is going to go to the second one. Instead of waiting and doing the second operation using the same hardware, we should maximize the use of the resources and send the data that passed through the first filter to another resource. During that time, the other sample can pass through the first filter. Usage of block RAMs might be very beneficial here, in order to increase the throughput and the speed of the system. Since the data that is going to be processed isnt going to be large, only the internal block RAMs might be enough. Also, use of an external RAM is going to put more delay on the line because of the longer memory access time. This is highly undesirable since the most important criterion for the system is its speed. Structure The system consists of four main parts. First part is where the user interacts with the system. The user is going to generate an output from the guitar and that output is going to be captured by the FPGA board. FPGA is going to the process the output and pass it to the third part of the system, speakers. The stereo output is going to be played by the speakers. Also, a PC is needed to send the .bit file to program the FPGA. The FPGA board. It has an audio output port on the right top. If needed, DDR2 SDRAM can be used as external memory. The analog digital circuitry is used for capturing the analog signal to the board. The circuitry has 2-channel 14-bit analog to digital converter and 4-channel 12-bit digital to analog converter. The switches can be used for turning the distortion on and off. Also, they can be used for the same purpose if additional sound effects are added to the system. Rotary knob can be used for adjusting the level of the distortion or the gain or the volume. The quantity that is going to be adjusted can be determined by the switches since there is only one rotary knob. Interface There are three interfaces in the system. The first interface is for programming the FPGA. The connection between the FPGA and the computer is going to be achieved with USB 2.0. Xilinx iMPACT tool is going to be used to program the FPGA. The second interface is for capturing the analog audio signal from the electric guitar to the FPGA board. The on board analog to digital converter is going to be used for that purpose. Analog to digital converter unit on the board. The third interface is going to be between the FPGA and the speaker. The digital signal is going to be converted to analog signal using Xilinxs digital to analog converter module and it is going to be sent to the audio jack port of the board. The stereo audio jack module. Implementation Implementation Scope As discussed in Section 3.2, the system consists of four main parts. The module for sending the .bit file from the PC to the FPGA is already given with Xilix iMPACT tool, so no implementation is required for this. The second module is the audio input to the board. This is the input module. The input module is going to be implemented with the help of on board analog to digital converter. As discussed earlier, the sampling rate and the bit resolution are the most important parts of the input module. The sampling rate is going to be 44100 Hz and the resolution is planned to be 8 bits. The captured analog signal is going to be converted to digital signal and sent to FPGA module for processing. FPGA module is going to be responsible for processing the digital signal. For faster and efficient processing, pipelined implementation is going to be done. This is going to be done using RTL description of the hardware with Verilog HDL. The output module is going to convert the processed digital signal to analog and send it to the boards audio jack port for playing the processed signal using speakers. Xilinxs DAC module is going to be used for the implementation of this module. Implementation Coverage The algorithm that is going to be used for implementation is The Extended Karplus Strong Algorithm (Jaffe Smith, 1983). The block diagram of The Extended Karplus Strong Algorithm. The output is going to be sent to gain and saturation blocks. There are filter blocks and delay blocks in the system. These functions are going to be implemented inside the FPGA. The first functional block is a pick-direction low pass filter (Smith III, Pick-Direction Lowpass Filter, 2009). The second functional block before the feedback loop is a pick-position comb filter (Smith III, Pick-Position Comb Filter, 2009). In the feedback loop, there is a delay block on the top. The other blocks are again filters. After the delay block, the signal goes through a two-zero string damping filter (Smith III, Two-Zero String Damping Filter, 2009). Before the addition operation in the feedback loop, another pick-direction low pass filter is going to be used. After the loop, there is going to be dynamic level low pass filter (Smith III, Dynamic Level Lowpass Filter, 2009). After these filters and delays, there is going to be a gain block which is used for increasing the level of distortion. Distortion effect is going to be generated by a saturation block. The saturation can use either hard clipping or soft clipping. Soft clipping has higher complexity. It is a third order polynomial. It results in a smoother sound. However, for more distorted and fuzzy sound, hard clipping is preferred. Since it has a heavier sound and is easier to implement, hard clipping is going to be used. The input-output relations of hard clipping and soft clipping Develop Or Adopt Decision The most important part for the project is the FPGA board. It is going to be adopted. If I wanted to design the circuit with a PCB design tool in which I am not experienced, I would have paid a lot of money to get it manufactured. And the design has to be perfect before getting the chip produced. The decision of choosing whether to use FPGA design or ASIC design was discussed earlier in Section. So, buying and using an FPGA board is the best option here. Spartan 3A Starter Kit is going to be used for the project. For the output interface of the design, Xilinx has a module described in Verilog and is available for free. For DAC and output purposes, that module is going to be used. If there is an available module for the input port of the system for free from Xilinx, it is going to be adopted. Otherwise, the ADC module is going to be developed according to the ADC hardware available on the FPGA board. The design on the FPGA is going to be based on an algorithm but it is going to be designed by me. Also, an electric guitar and speakers with amplifiers are needed for the project. They were already available before the start of the project. For software, Xilinx ISE, Xilinx iMPACT, Modelsim XE and MATLAB are going to be used. MATLAB is already available and the others have free versions for students. Implementation Process Three modules are going to be implemented. Each module can be implemented independently from each other. Finally, all the modules are going to be connected under a top module. DSP module is the main part of the design where the algorithm is going to be implemented. The functional verification of the design is going to be independent from the other modules. Implementation Resources The resources for implementation can be grouped into two. First, we need hardware resources. The second group is the software resources. The most important resource for hardware is the FPGA development board. Spartan 3A Starter Kit is going to be used. This specific board is chosen due to some reasons. This board is suitable for DSP applications. It has ADC and DAC modules. It also has a stereo audio jack for outputting the processed signal. So, this board is going to be used for implementation. FPGA is going to be programmed from a PC. The hardware of the system is going to be described using Xilinx ISE tool, which requires a PC. So, we also need a PC for implementation. The connection of the board with the PC required a USB cable, which is provided with the board. We also need an electric guitar and speakers. The required hardware resources for implementation. Besides the hardware resources, some software resources are going to be needed too. First, before starting writing the code for the hardware, the algorithm is going to be tested and the functional blocks are going to be made clear using MATLAB Simulink software. For synthesis and implementation, Xilinx ISE is going to be used. It is going to synthesize and implement the hardware described by Verilog HDL. It also includes Xilinx iMPACT tool which is used for sending the .bit file to the FPGA for programming. For functional verification, Xilinx Edition of Modelsim, developed by Mentor Graphics is going to be used. Implementation Activities The project group consists of only one person. So design, verification, implementation and testing are going to be done by me. During the project, additional training and study is going to be required in digital signal processing and filters. Also, digital filter design should also be studied. Another thing that needs improvement is writing testbench to verify the designed system. Testing Testing Scope The testing of the system consists of two parts. There is a functional verification part and a hardware validation part. For functional verification, Modelsim XE software is going to be used with Verilog HDL. The parts that are going to be tested are the input module, the output module, the DSP module. After the integration of the modules in order to form the system, the whole system is going to be tested. Also, the hardware validation of the DSP and output modules can be done without a working input module. A randomly generated signal in FPGA can be processed and sent to output module for playing and this can be tested. Testing Coverage As explained in Section, the modules are going to be tested individually at first. The input module is going to get an analog signal from an external source. This might be coming from the electric guitar or directly from a PC. If the input signal is coming from PC, the signal can be adjusted to be simple and therefore testing can be simpler. After the conversion, the signal is going to be observed. Also, if the output module is working, the input signal can be directly transferred to the output module without any signal processing done on it. A randomly generated signal inside the FPGA is going to be enough to test the output module. DSP module is going to be tested by functional verification. The filters, the gain and the saturation blocks are going to be tested. After these, the whole DSP module is going to be tested. An example of input and output of the system with hard clipping. Pass/Fail Criteria The pass/fail criterion for the input module is going to be its analog to digital conversion performance. If a given analog input can be correctly converted to digital signal, it is going to pass the test. Digital conversion operation with its input and expected output. The module, the expected output is going to be the signal on the bottom (Azima DLI , 2009). In order to pass the test, the module has to give the correct output for each stimulus applied. The output module has to do digital to analog conversion and send the signal to speakers. For that, a signal is going to be generated inside the FPGA. This signals amplitude and frequency is going to be changed. According to the changes, we are going to expect different outputs. The output is going to be listened through the speakers. In order to pass the test, the output module should correctly respond to every amplitude and frequency change. The DSP module is going to be tested with functional verification. A reference model is going to be constructed in behavioral level. Randomly generated stimulus is going to be applied to the design and to the reference model at the same time. In order to pass the test, the results from the DSP module and the reference model have to match 100%. Another important criterion for the DSP module is its timing. The delay between the input and the output has to be below a determined quantity in order to pass the test. Testing Approach In order to test the DSP module, a self checking testbench is going to be written using Verilog HDL. There is going to be a behaviorally modeled reference unit inside the test bench. The test bench is going to generate random stimuli. These stimuli are going to be applied to both a design under test unit (DUT), which is a module from the design, and the reference model. Then, the results are going to be compared in a scoreboard. The verification approach. Also, the timing of the system is going to be considered since it is one of the most important parts of the project. After the functional verification, the timing analysis of the implemented system must be done using Xilinx ISE. Testing Resources First, in order to test the algorithm, MATLAB Simulink is going to be used. In order to test the input module, preferably a PC or an electric guitar is going to be needed as discussed in the second paragraph. To test the output module, speakers or headphones are going to be needed. For functional verification of the DSP module, Modelsim XE is needed. Also, for the timing analysis of the design, Xilinx ISE is going to be used. Test Cases After these inputs are applied, the outputs from the reference model and the DUT are also going to be stored in response file, which is going to be in .txt format. Finally, a log file is going to show where the errors occurred, if there are any errors or it is going to show that no errors occurred in the simulation. Looking at the log file and the response file, we are going to able to see where exactly the errors occurred. Test Activities Since the group has just one member, every part of testing is going to be done by me. More training about writing self checking test benches using Verilog HDL should be done. 6. Schedule If we look at the PERT chart, we can calculate the critical path. The critical path consists of the following activities: A-F-G-H-I-J-K. This path leads to a completion time of 133 days. If the most optimistic and the most pessimistic completion of each activity is estimated, we can calculate the expected completion time and the variance of the project. The expression for the expected completion time is given in Equation and the expression for variance is given in Equation. Using these equations, the completion time and the variance are calculated. The activities in the critical path are highlighted and the calculations are done according to the critical path. PERT calculation gives almost the same result with the CPM result. CPM result was 133 days. PERT calculation gives an estimated project completion time of 133.166 days. Also, the variance turned out to be 26.58. This means the project can be completed 26.58 days earlier or later. The Gantt Chart of the project is given. The estimated start date of the project is December 27, 2009. The project is planned to be completed on May 9, 2010. Bibliography Azima DLI . (2009, February 8). Analog to Digital Conversion. Retrieved November 29, 2009, from Azima DLI Corporation Web Site: http://www.azimadli.com/vibman/analogtodigitalconversion.htm Collicut, M. (2009, March 3). Extending the Karplus-Strong Algorithm to Simulate Guitar Distortion and Feedback Effects. Retrieved November 29, 2009, from McGill University Web Site: http://mt.music.mcgill.ca/~collicuttm/MUMT618/KSA_distortion_and_feedback.html Jaffe, D. A., Smith, J. O. (1983). Extensions of the Karplus-Strong plucked string algorithm. Computer Music Journal , 56-69. Schulzrinne, H. (2008, January 9). Explanation of 44.1 kHz CD sampling rate. Retrieved November 27, 2009, from Columbia University Web Site: http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/audio/44.1.html Smith III, J. O. (2009, March 21). Dynamic Level Lowpass Filter. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from Stanford University Web Site: https://ccrma.stanford.edu/realsimple/faust_strings/Dynamic_Level_Lowpass_Filter.html Smith III, J. O. (2009, March 21). Pick-Direction Lowpass Filter. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from Stanford University Web Site: https://ccrma.stanford.edu/realsimple/faust_strings/Pick_Direction_Lowpass_Filter.html Smith III, J. O. (2009, March 21). Pick-Position Comb Filter. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from Stanford University Web Site: https://ccrma.stanford.edu/realsimple/faust_strings/Pick_Position_Comb_Filter.html Smith III, J. O. (2009, March 21). Two-Zero String Damping Filter. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from Stanford University Web Site: https://ccrma.stanford.edu/realsimple/faust_strings/Two_Zero_String_Damping_Filter.html Sullivan, C. R. (1990). Extending the Karplus-Strong Algorithm to Synthesize Electric Guitar Timbres with Distortion and Feedback. Computer Music Journal , 26-37. The Train Kept Rollin. (2009, November 21). Retrieved November 21, 2009, from allmusic: http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amgsql=33:jjfoxzq0ldte Xilinx Corporation. (2009, April 8). Getting Started with FPGAs FPGA vs. ASIC. Retrieved November 20, 2009, from Xilinx Corporation Web site: http://www.xilinx.com/company/gettingstarted/fpgavsasic.htm Xilinx Corporation. (2009, October 6). Spartan-3A Starter Kit. Retrieved November 27, 2009, from Xilinx Corporation Web site: http://www.xilinx.com/products/devkits/HW-SPAR3A-SK-UNI-G.htm

Learning: Online Versus the Classroom Essay

Which would you prefer, learning online or sitting in a physical classroom? With the advent of technology the question of which is better has become difficult to answer. However continuing education has become much more accessible due to online classrooms. Focusing on the benefits and drawbacks between learning online and the traditional classroom will provide valuable information to make an informed decision. It is obvious that each method of learning has its own benefits and drawbacks. One example is the traditional classroom provides face to face instruction with immediate feedback, while online is less formal and individualistic. Web-based learning has a dynamic nature that allows for near instantaneous sharing and updating of information. (Thrasher, Coleman & Atkinson, 2012) The traditional classroom is a more static learning environment, only able to update information less frequently. Understanding online learning versus the traditional classroom requires some definition. The traditional classroom is defined as a physical setting at a college campus or other area that students gather to receive teaching and instruction. Typically this is a classroom with seating for students with an instructor giving a daily lesson. An online classroom is a virtual location of the designated school where students discuss topics in a forum. Individual lessons are studied and submitted to a designated location within the online environment. An instructor is assigned to provide feedback, guidance, and instruction in each lesson. The traditional classroom is still highly valued as a teaching method for the benefits it provides. Having and instructor on site provides an immediate interactive learning environment. Depending on the course, there is hands-on learning with lab work and experiments. There is also peer  review within the classroom and interactivity among the students. John Higgins of Accenture Learning cites a study from ITtraining consultancy stating that traditional training approaches are more popular today than in 2004. (â€Å"E-learning versus the,† 2007) Drawbacks to the traditional classroom include lag times in feedback on homework assignments. There are students who don’t participate in classroom activities due to shyness and do not fully benefit from the classroom environment. After class help is not available after a certain timeframe. The classroom setting is not designed for the working individual. As a full time employee, it is very difficult to schedule classroom activities into a full day of employment, family time, children’s activities, appointments, and other responsibilities. Online learning has many benefits, yet it is not for everyone. In the business perspective it is cost effective and easy to align with the business needs. It also includes reduced employee turn-over and a more highly motivated staff. (â€Å"E-learning versus the,† 2007) Online learning is designed for the working individual to schedule into a busy life. Since classes are online there is no specific time that students need to be in class. Students are able to attend classes on their own time, be it in the morning, after work, or even throughout the day. Class materials, sometimes, are provided electronically within the virtual classroom, eliminating the cost and weight of multiple books. For every benefit there is a drawback and online learning has its fair share. Online learning requires a high level discipline that not everyone is able to maintain. Distractions in the home abound ranging from children needing help with homework to cooking meals. Internet connectivity can be an issue when the internet goes down or during power loss. Online learning can also suffer from computer problems, viruses, data loss, even hardware failure. Everything in life has its benefits and drawbacks. It is up to each individual to determine personal needs and wants in life and how to best  achieve those goals. It is very important to research online learning and traditional classroom learning to determine which method best suits individual needs and goals. Which would you prefer, learning online or in the classroom? That is a question that only you can answer. References E-learning versus the classroom. (2007, March 12). IT Week, Hernandez-Julian, R. & Peters, C. (2012, April). Does the medium matter? online versus paper coursework. Southern Economic Journal, 78(4), 1333-1345. Thrasher, E., Coleman, P., & Atkinson, J. (2012). Web-based versus classroom-based instruction. Journal of Instructional Pedagogies, 7, 1-9.

Abortion: Bad decision

Bad decision Oh! It’s really very bad! Well, it’s the big mistake that I had in my life!! I know that everyone can make mistakes in his life, or had bad decisions, did you?! For me, yes. I had one mistake in my life it’s still the worst decision that I had made it in my life when I decided to come here to U. S. Before coming to U. S I had to take some actions. First of all, I took several actions in my studies. I have been doing my master in criminal Moroccan law at the university in Casablanca, morocco. Through I got my visa immigration to U.S. so, I stopped to complete my studies, and I took all my papers out of the university, because I thought that I will need then here in U. S. also, I visited my university for the last time, and I spent the whole day at it, where I bid farewell all my friends essay writer hub. Second, I took actions in my job, because I had a job when I was in my country. So, I resign from the job, and it was really hard time for me when I bid farewell my colleagues at work. After that, I tried to save money to save money to buy the flight ticket, and immigration fees†¦ tc. so, I spent a lot of money to coming here in U. S. after I bid farewell my parents and my brothers, I took the plan to U. S. The first few weeks, I feel that lifestyle is different, then I knew that my life was already changed since I arrived here in U. S. the first thing that I do it when I stay here, I tried to understand the people, and adapted with this new life. But, it was difficult, and I realized that it going to be hard for me, because it was really hard to find a job in U.S. I mean here a job as I had in my country because you should to start from zero, and the lifestyle it’s very difficult, too. Also, I tried to start my studies again, but it was impossible here because I study Moroccan law!! Also, I have to start from first step because my major it was Moroccan law and the U. S law is different. Also, I need to learn English , too. Actually, coming to U. S. A is stilling the worst decision that I have ever in made it in my life.

African American Daughters And Non Residential Fathers A...

African American Daughters and Non-Residential Fathers: A Qualitative Exploration La Toi S Smith Chapter 1 Introduction I spent the majority of my life being raised by a single mother due to my parents’ divorce. Because of my parents’ divorce, my mother stated firmly that I had changed and became a difficult child. I remember rebelling, suffering with low self-esteem and self-worth and blaming myself for the absence of my father. It was not until I was well into womanhood that I found peace within myself, as well as with my nonresidential father. Through the preparation for this study, I have a better understanding of the external and internal factors that can and will affect the father-daughter relationship. Some scholars have argued the notion that fathers are important contributors to their children and adolescents’ psychosocial development (Mandara, Murray, Joyner, 2005). According to Allgood, Beckert, and Peterson (2012), researchers are beginning to understand the importance of examining children’s perspectives and the relationships and levels of involvement children have with their fathers. According to Conner and White (2006), the traditional definition of fatherhood within the African American community underestimates the role of a father and further do not describe the systems that surround the African American experience adequately. Many interpretations of â€Å"fathers† have been discussed, with several scholars working from different perspectives offeringShow MoreRelatedMID TERM STUDY GUIDE Essay16611 Words   |  67 Pagesunderstanding MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Development may be considered: (30) a. Periods of unusual events in life b. Periods of transition and reorganization *** c. Periods of stagnation d. Periods that occur each decade of life 2. Beatriz complains to her father about the outfit he wants her to wear. 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